India’s SanchiConnect and KickSky Ink Pact to Accelerate Global SpaceTech Innovation

The accelerator program is designed to nurture and propel early-stage spacetech startups and is set to further unlock private sector support for pre-seed and seed-stage spacetech innovators

SanchiConnect, India’s leading DeepTech startup network, has entered into a strategic partnership with KickSky Space Lab, an accelerator program focused on early-stage SpaceTech startups. Facilitated by Riceberg Ventures, this collaboration aims to scale KickSky’s vision to propel space tech startups for the global landscape, and reach customers worldwide. KickSky is a joint initiative by venture capital funds Riceberg Ventures and E2MC Ventures, along with Aniara Consulting, and has already gained significant traction since its launch.

Dr. Sunil Shekhawat, CEO, SanchiConnect, remarked, "We are excited to join hands with Riceberg Ventures to accelerate the growth of India’s spacetech ecosystem. Our combined strengths will empower startups to move beyond proof-of-concept, access global markets, and attract the right capital partners. Together, we are committed to making India a powerhouse in the new space economy."

Riceberg Ventures, with offices in Bangalore, Zurich, London and San Francisco, has been at the forefront of deeptech investments globally. Its early-stage spacetech accelerator program has attracted some of the most promising founders in the sector. SanchiConnect, seeded within Baring PE Partner-India, has a proven track record of running high-impact investment and go-to-market (GTM) led accelerators for VC funds, consistently delivering successful cohorts and enabling startups to scale rapidly.

"KickSky was envisioned as a launchpad for the boldest minds in spacetech. With SanchiConnect’s unmatched network and accelerator expertise, we are poised to take KickSky to new heights, offering startups not just capital, but the strategic guidance and global connections needed to solve some of humanity’s most ambitious challenges," said Mr. Ankit Anand, Founding Partner, Riceberg Ventures.

Mr. Govindrajan, Director, KickSky Space Lab, commented, "Our mission at KickSky is to democratize access to the space economy for Indian founders. The partnership with SanchiConnect will help us provide a robust platform for founders to experiment, validate, and scale their ideas, while leveraging the best of industry, academia, and investor networks."

This partnership comes at a pivotal time for India’s spacetech sector, where IN-SPACe has been the public face of support for emerging startups. The SanchiConnect–Riceberg Ventures alliance aims to complement these efforts by unlocking new avenues of funding, mentorship, and global market access for the next generation of spacetech entrepreneurs. The team also plans to launch a global spacetech community of founders, investors, experts, and suppliers from around the world to be accessible and available for early-stage startups.

About Riceberg Ventures

Riceberg Ventures is a deeptech-focused venture capital fund with a presence in Bangalore, Zurich, London and San Francisco. The firm invests in transformative technologies across Spacetech, Life Sciences, AI, Quantum, and Advanced Engineering.

About SanchiConnect

SanchiConnect is India’s premier deeptech startup network, renowned for running investment and GTM-led accelerator programs. Seeded within Baring PE Partner-India, SanchiConnect has enabled the success of numerous deeptech startup cohorts across the country.

From Sarabhai’s Legacy to Startup Stardust: Ahmedabad’s Spacetech Renaissance Takes Off

Ahmedabad is rapidly transforming into a spacetech startup hub, thanks to the combined efforts of ISRO, IN-SPACe, and IIMA Ventures. The city, long associated with India's space legacy—dating back to Vikram Sarabhai's founding of the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)—is now fostering a new wave of spacetech entrepreneurs, many of whom are former ISRO scientists.

Why Ahmedabad?

Ahmedabad houses ISRO’s Space Applications Centre, IN-SPACe headquarters, and IIMA Ventures, creating a dense ecosystem for space innovation. Startups like PierSight, SatLeo Labs, and Orbitt Space are leveraging this infrastructure to develop cutting-edge satellite technologies, including:

• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for maritime surveillance.
• Thermal imaging satellites for commercial applications.
• Air-breathing electric propulsion systems for ultra-low Earth orbit (ULEO) missions.

Key Developments

• PierSight is building a SAR-enabled satellite constellation for persistent maritime surveillance, with plans to launch 32 satellites by 2028.
• Orbitt Space, founded by ex-ISRO scientists, is working on ULEO propulsion technology, using residual atmospheric gases as propellant to extend satellite lifespans. The newly founded space tech startup has recently raised $1 million from in pre-seed funding led by pi Ventures, with support from IIMA Ventures. 
• SatLeo Labs secured $3.3 million in funding to advance thermal imaging payloads, aiming to revolutionize commercial space applications.

Institutional Support

IN-SPACe is actively facilitating testing facilities, regulatory approvals, and funding access for startups, while IIMA Ventures is incubating many of these companies, providing strategic mentorship and investment.

Ahmedabad’s scientific heritage, regulatory backing, and entrepreneurial momentum are positioning it as a key player in India’s commercial space race.

Besides Ahmedabad, Pune in Maharashtra is also emerging as a space-tech research hub, with startups working on satellite propulsion systems.

Additionally, Assam in north east of India has recently became home to the Assam State Space Application Centre (ASSAC), which focuses on remote sensing and GIS applications for governance and resource management. The state also boast of AssamSat, the state's first satellite, developed in collaboration with ISRO. 

India is ramping up its space activities, with 30 missions planned for 2024-2025, including launches by Skyroot Aerospace and Agnikul Cosmos. 

Top Image - Prajwal Dwivedi

India’s Space Debris Problem: Can We Keep Our Orbits Clean?

Imagine looking up at the night sky, expecting to see twinkling stars, only to realize that what you’re actually gazing at is junk —defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and thousands of shattered fragments drifting through space like cosmic litter.

This isn’t science fiction. In 2024 alone, more than 3,600 new pieces of space debris entered Earth's orbit, an alarming sign of an increasingly crowded celestial highway. The Indian Space Situational Assessment Report (ISSAR) for 2024, released by ISRO, paints a sobering picture of the challenges ahead. 

The Growing Danger Above Us 

Image - NASA

From the ground, space seems limitless. But in reality, Earth’s orbits—especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Orbit (GEO)—are running out of room. The past year saw 261 launch attempts, adding 2,578 new satellites, but also contributing significantly to the debris problem.

Some of this junk isn’t just floating harmlessly—it’s traveling at speeds 10 times faster than a bullet. Even a stray bolt from a shattered satellite can destroy an operational spacecraft upon impact.

Historical growth of space objects (data sourced from Space-Track)

 
And India isn’t just watching from the sidelines. The country had 22 active satellites in LEO and 31 in GEO by the end of 2024, making it critical for ISRO to protect its assets from collisions. 

The Space Junk Problem Hits Home 

ISRO’s Space Situational Awareness (SSA) division faced 10 high-risk collision scenarios in 2024 alone, forcing last-minute orbital adjustments to prevent catastrophic crashes. In one instance, a weather satellite had to dodge debris from a Chinese rocket explosion—a tense reminder that no country is immune to the hazards of orbital debris.

And the problem isn’t just confined to satellites. Over 2,095 catalogued objects re-entered Earth's atmosphere, with 335 defunct Starlink satellites burning up on their way down.

The implications? While controlled de-orbiting ensures safe disposal, uncontrolled debris re-entries pose a potential risk to both infrastructure and human life.

A Case of Mistaken Identity in Bihar 

The space junk problem isn’t just affecting satellites—it’s also causing confusion on the ground. In Jayanagar, Bihar, residents were startled when they spotted drone-like luminous objects hovering in the night sky. 

Given the area’s proximity to the India-Nepal border, concerns about surveillance drones quickly spread.

However, after an investigation by the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) and the Indian Air Force, the mystery was solved—the objects weren’t drones at all. They were low-flying Starlink satellites, reflecting moonlight as they passed overhead. 

This incident highlights how satellite constellations are becoming increasingly visible, sometimes leading to mistaken sightings. With Starlink gearing up for its India launch, such sightings may become more common.

India’s Fight for a Debris-Free Space 

As space debris levels hit record highs, India is stepping up. ISRO’s roadmap for debris mitigation and sustainable space exploration includes:

• Collision Avoidance Alerts: A staggering 53,000 alerts were issued in 2024, warning satellite operators of potential crashes.
• Laser-Based Debris Removal: Plans are underway to zap hazardous debris out of orbit using ground-based laser systems.
• Post-Mission Disposal Regulations: New guidelines require satellites to deorbit themselves responsibly, minimizing long-term clutter. India has set an ambitious goal: Achieve a “Debris-Free Space Mission” by 2030. 

What’s Next?

Space exploration is thrilling. But as humans push deeper into the cosmos, the space junk problem can no longer be ignored. Every satellite we launch must come with an end-of-life plan, ensuring that it either burns up safely upon re-entry or moves to a designated graveyard orbit.

To recall, in April 2022, Indianweb2.com reported that ISRO is going under the process of going self-reliant in monitoring foreign space objects through Project Netra, India's initiative for Space Situational Awareness (SSA).

In a latest, the key development is the establishment of India’s first space debris monitoring radar in Chandrapur, Assam, which will enhance tracking capabilities for objects as small as 10 cm within a 2,000 km range.

The question is: Can India—and the world—clean up space before it’s too late? If ISRO’s 2024 report tells us anything, it’s that time is running out. 

Ex-ISRO Scientists' Orbitt Space Secures $1 Mn to Revolutionize Ultra-Low Orbit Propulsion

Orbitt Space, an Ahmedabad-based space-tech startup founded by former ISRO scientists, has recently secured $1 million in pre-seed funding led by pi Ventures, with support from IIMA Ventures, said a report by The Economic Times. The 2-months old start-up company is pioneering air-breathing electric propulsion for satellites operating in Ultra Low Earth Orbit (ULEO)-below 250 km altitude.

Orbitt Space was founded in March 2025 by Christopher Parmar and Anupam Kumar, both former ISRO scientists. The company specializes in air-breathing electric propulsion for Ultra Low Earth Orbit (ULEO) satellites, aiming to revolutionize fuel-free, sustainable satellite operations.

Christopher described ULEO as a "blue ocean” opportunity, highlighting how traditional LEO operations face increasing collision risks due to over 40,000 tracked objects and millions of debris fragments. Orbitt’s propulsion system aims to unlock sustainable, fuel-free satellite operations, positioning India at the forefront of next-gen space infrastructure.

This breakthrough propulsion system uses residual atmospheric gases instead of onboard fuel, enabling longer satellite missions while reducing orbital pollution.

The funding will accelerate prototype testing, team expansion, and in-orbit demonstrations, positioning India at the forefront of sustainable space.

The air-breathing electric propulsion system is designed for Ultra Low Earth Orbit (ULEO) satellites—a largely untapped region below 250 km altitude.

Key Funding Details:

• Technology Focus: Air-breathing propulsion using residual atmospheric gases instead of onboard fuel, enabling longer satellite missions and reducing orbital pollution.
• Strategic Impact: Addresses congestion in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), offering sharper imaging, lower signal latency, and radiation protection.
• Next Steps: Funds will support prototype testing, team expansion, and in-orbit demonstrations, paving the way for commercial rollout.
• Industry Context: Comes amid India's broader push to enhance satellite-based intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities.

From Satellites to Startups: India’s Space Law To Open New Frontiers

The Space Activities Bill, originally drafted in 2017, has now been finalized and is ready for circulation among stakeholder ministries reported Indian Express citing a government official. This bill aims to provide statutory powers to IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre), which currently operates without formal legislative backing. 

The bill is expected to boost private sector participation in India's space industry, offering a structured regulatory framework and easing entry barriers for private players. It also includes provisions for affordable insurance for space assets, addressing a key concern for startups.

India is targeting a $44 billion space economy by 2033, with $11 billion expected from exports. The bill is seen as a crucial step toward achieving this goal.

The Bill could have a significant impact on India’s precision manufacturing sector, particularly in high-tech aerospace components and satellite manufacturing. Here’s how:

1. Boost to Private Aerospace Manufacturing

The bill grants statutory powers to IN-SPACe, making it easier for private firms to enter the space industry.

This could lead to greater demand for precision-engineered components, benefiting companies specializing in high-tolerance machining, advanced materials, and microelectronics.

2. Expansion of Space Manufacturing Hubs

The government is encouraging state-level space manufacturing hubs.

Tamil Nadu is expected to focus on launch vehicles, Gujarat on satellites and payloads, and Karnataka on general space activities.

This could create regional clusters of precision manufacturing expertise, fostering innovation and supply chain efficiencies.

3. Insurance & Risk Mitigation for Space Components

The bill includes provisions for affordable insurance for space assets.

This could reduce financial risks for precision manufacturers supplying critical components, making it easier for startups to enter the sector.

4. Export Opportunities & Global Collaboration

India is targeting a $44 billion space economy by 2033, with $11 billion from exports.

Precision manufacturers could tap into global markets, supplying components for satellites, propulsion systems, and avionics. 

5. Regulatory Clarity & Intellectual Property Protection

The bill revises earlier provisions that restricted private sector IP rights in space.

This could encourage R&D investments in precision manufacturing, as companies gain greater control over their innovations.

This could be a pivotal moment for India’s precision manufacturing sector, aligning with companies like Sedemac Mechatronics and Dhoot Transmission.

ISRO & TIFR Join Forces to Advance Space Science and Astronomy Research

ISRO and TIFR recently held a collaboration meet to strengthen India's capabilities in space science and astronomy. The meeting, attended by fifty scientists and engineers, focused on integrating the scientific and technological expertise of both institutions. Discussions covered various domains, including millimeter-wave astronomy, space weather, radio astronomy, cosmic ray physics, and planetary science.

This initiative aligns with India's evolving space ecosystem and Space Vision 2047, aiming to establish a structured framework for scientific collaboration with clear targets and milestones. The meeting concluded with an action plan to advance joint research efforts.

The ISRO–TIFR collaboration aims to enhance India's capabilities in space science and astronomy by integrating their scientific and technological expertise. Some key objectives include:

• Strengthening research in millimeter-wave astronomy, space weather, radio astronomy, cosmic ray physics, and planetary science.
• Establishing a structured framework for scientific collaboration with clear targets and milestones, aligning with India's Space Vision 2047.
• Leveraging India's radio astronomy observatories for modular integration into international mega-projects.
• Expanding joint research efforts through domain-specific breakout sessions to identify new areas of cooperation.

This initiative marks a significant step toward building a strong national network for space sciences and achieving global excellence in space research.

NASA Fast-Tracks Mars Missions, Puts Lunar Plans on Hold

NASA is considering launching missions to Mars as early as next year, marking a significant shift in priorities. This change comes after the U.S. administration released its proposed budget, which emphasizes landing a human on Mars and allocates an additional $1 billion for Mars-related projects.

SpaceX's Starship is expected to play a key role in these missions, given its capability to reach the Red Planet. The agency is evaluating launch windows in 2026 and 2028 to test technologies that will support human exploration on Mars. However, this shift may lead to tensions with lawmakers who have mandated NASA to focus on a long-term lunar presence.

With this NASA's shift toward Mars missions is causing major changes to its lunar exploration plans. The Artemis program, which was designed to establish a long-term human presence on the Moon, is facing significant cuts. The Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion crew capsule—key components of Artemis—are set to be retired after Artemis 3, the first planned crewed Moon landing. Additionally, the lunar Gateway space station, which was meant to serve as a staging point for deep-space missions, is being canceled.

Despite these cuts, NASA is still allocating over $7 billion for lunar exploration. However, the agency is shifting toward commercial alternatives, such as SpaceX's Starship, to support future Moon missions. This move aligns with the administration’s goal of prioritizing Mars while maintaining a presence on the Moon.

Notably, NASA and ISRO's NISAR mission remains on track despite NASA's shift toward Mars. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite is scheduled for launch in June 2025. This Earth observation mission will use dual-frequency radar (L-band and S-band) to monitor changes in landforms, ice sheets, and ecosystems every 12 days.

While NASA is prioritizing Mars, NISAR's funding and development remain intact, as it serves a different purpose—tracking environmental changes, disaster management, and infrastructure monitoring. The satellite is currently undergoing final integration at ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.

So, while NASA's deep-space ambitions are shifting, its collaboration with ISRO on Earth science remains strong.

This shift of priorities from NASA is sparking concerns among lawmakers and international partners, as NASA had previously committed to a sustained lunar presence. What do you think, should NASA focus on Mars, or is the Moon still a crucial stepping stone? Do comment your opinion below...

IN-SPACe and Govt. of Karnataka Sign MoUs to Build CoE for Space Technologies and Space Manufacturing Park

In a strategic development, the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre  (IN-SPACe), and the Department of Electronics, Information Technology, Biotechnology and Science & Technology, Government of Karnataka, have signed MoUs to accelerate the state’s rise as India’s foremost commercial-space launch-pad. The MoUs signed include one for establishing a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Space Technologies in Bengaluru and the other for setting up of a public-private space manufacturing park that will anchor next-generation satellite and launch-vehicle production.

The MoUs were signed by Dr Ekroop Caur, IAS, Secretary to Government (Electronics, IT, Biotechnology and Science &Technology), Government of Karnataka; and Mr Lochan Sehra, IAS, Joint Secretary, IN-SPACe, in the presence of Dr Shalini Rajneesh, IAS, Chief Secretary to the Government of Karnataka, and Dr Pawan Goenka, Chairman, IN-SPACe. The MoUs will establish the framework for Government of Karnataka and IN-SPACe to collaborate and partner for the setting up of the Centre of Excellence for Space Technologies and the Space Manufacturing Park.

Karnataka has a mature ecosystem across the space sector value chain comprising of Government, private and MSME players, including ISRO headquarters, space related public sector undertakings such as DRDO labs and facilities, HAL, BEL, BHEL, NAL, and academic and research institutions. The MoUs will enable and support the state’s NewSpace ecosystem towards the national vision as per the Indian Space Policy, 2023 and promote innovation in the sector.

IN-SPACe, on the other hand, has been spearheading India’s space ambitions by enabling ease of doing business with the active participation of government as well as non-governmental entities. As the global space ambitions soar high, IN-SPACe is acting as a nodal agency to shape India’s growing space economy. This signing of MoUs with the Karnataka government aligns with the goal to give impetus to regional ambitions that club with the holistic national projections.

Dr.  Shalini Rajneesh, Chief Secretary to Government of Karnataka, said, “The MoUs with IN-SPACe mark a new chapter in Karnataka’s space journey creating a seamless talent and value chain with the regulatory support required to compete globally."

Dr. Pawan Goenka, Chairman, IN-SPACe said, “State of Karnataka has emerged as a hub for new age space start-ups and enterprises. The MoUs will bolster this ecosystem and support the state and country’s efforts in succeeding in the NewSpace era. We look forward to working shoulder-to-shoulder with the state to see more satellites, engines and deep-space technologies developed and manufactured in the state.”

As the global space sector moves from agency-driven programmes to agile public-private partnerships, today’s signing cements Karnataka’s role as India’s launch-pad for breakthrough NewSpace technologies propelled by government vision, private ingenuity and an unrivalled talent pool. IN-SPACe, being the regulator of space in India, is driving core R&D and innovation to propel India’s growth. This MoU is another in line of IN-SPACe’s long-term vision to make India a space-forward economy, with the active participation of the states.

About IN-SPACe:

IN-SPACe was constituted in June 2020 following the Central Government’s decision to open up the space sector and enable the participation of Indian private sector in the gamut of space activities. The Indian National Space Promotion and authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), acts as a single-window, independent, nodal agency which functions as an autonomous agency in Department of Space (DOS).

IN-SPACe is responsible for the promotion, enabling, authorization, and supervision of various space activities of the Non-Governmental Entities (NGEs) that include, among others, the building of launch vehicles & satellites and providing space-based services; sharing of space infrastructure and premises under ISRO; and establishment of new space infrastructure and facilities. The functions of IN-SPACe are being carried out by three Directorates viz., Promotion Directorate (PD), Technical Directorate (TD) and Program Management & Authorization Directorate (PMAD) and Administration, Finance & Legal Wing

India Conducting 'Dogfights' in Space with Satellites

India is conducting "dogfights" in space—a sophisticated maneuver where two satellites, a chaser and a target, engage in close-range orbital tactics, much like fighter jets in aerial combat, reported several Indian media outlets including NDTV. This is part of ISRO’s SPADEX mission, which aims to advance satellite docking, proximity operations, and autonomous flight capabilities.

Dogfights in space refer to coordinated, close-range maneuvers between satellites, similar to aerial dogfights between fighter jets. In India's case, ISRO has successfully executed this maneuver using its SPADEX mission, where a chaser and target satellite engage in precision orbital tactics.

The satellites, orbiting 500 km above Earth at speeds of 28,800 km/h, have successfully demonstrated docking, undocking, and power transfer between them.

These advancements position India among the elite nations mastering space docking and orbital maneuvering.

This follows similar exercises by China’s defense satellites in 2024, prompting global interest in space-based maneuverability. Last month, it was reported that the U.S. Space Force observed five Chinese satellites executing synchronized movements, practicing tactics for on-orbit space operations conducted in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), last year.

India’s SPADEX mission relies on cutting-edge rendezvous and docking technology to execute these satellite maneuvers. The key technologies involved include:

1. Laser Range Finder & Visual Cameras – Used for precise navigation during close-range docking.
2. Retroreflectors & Real-Time Imaging – Help align satellites during final approach.
3. Inter-Satellite Communication Link (ISL) – Enables autonomous coordination between spacecraft.
4. Indigenous Docking Mechanism – Developed by ISRO as part of the Bharatiya Docking System.
5. Power Transfer Technology – Allows one satellite to supply energy to another, crucial for future space stations.
6. Autonomous Rendezvous Strategy – Ensures satellites can approach and dock without human intervention.

This breakthrough strengthens India’s position in space warfare and satellite autonomy, showcasing its ability to execute complex orbital maneuvers with precision. What aspect of this technology intrigues you the most?... Or... What do you think this means for India’s future in space defense? Do comment below...

IN-SPACe Launches Satellite Bus as a Service (SBaaS) to Propel Hosted Payload Opportunities for Indian NGEs

The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) has announced a new opportunity for Indian Non-Governmental Entities (NGEs) under the Satellite Bus as a Service (SBaaS) initiative. The SBaaS aims to provide a pathway for Indian private space players to design and develop small satellite bus platforms for hosted payload applications.

As part of this initiative, IN-SPACe will support the realisation of satellite bus platforms through a two-phase approach. In Phase I, up to four Indian NGEs will be shortlisted based on their technical capabilities to develop a modular, multi-mission satellite bus system. In Phase II, IN-SPACe will support up to two hosted payload missions to demonstrate the utility of these platforms.

Through this Announcement of Opportunity (AO), IN-SPACe invites applications from eligible Indian NGEs to undertake the design, development, and realisation of small satellite bus systems capable of supporting multiple payloads. The effort is aimed at easing access to flight platforms, reducing time to orbit, and enabling in-orbit demonstration for payload developers.

Commenting on the AO, Dr Pawan Goenka, Chairman, IN-SPACe, said, “The Satellite Bus as a Service initiative is a pivotal step in democratizing access for India's Space Sector. By enabling NGE’s with this opportunity we are aiming to push innovation, and reduce our reliance on imports. Together we are looking at making India a global service provider of small satellite bus and hosted payload services.

Dr. Rajeev Jyoti, Director, Technical Directorate at IN-SPACe, added, “SBaaS is designed to bridge the gap between payload developers and satellite platforms. By providing a standardized, modular bus platform, we offer a cost-effective solution for in-orbit validation of diverse payloads. This initiative will accelerate the development cycle for emerging technologies and enhance India's capabilities in delivering end-to-end space solutions.”

The detailed Announcement of Opportunity (AO) document is available on the IN-SPACe Digital Platform (www.inspace.gov.in). Eligible NGEs may register on the platform to access the application process and submit their proposals in the prescribed format.

IN-SPACe was constituted in June 2020 following the Central Government’s decision to open up the space sector and enable the participation of Indian private sector in the gamut of space activities. The Indian National Space Promotion and authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), acts as a single-window, independent, nodal agency which functions as an autonomous agency in Department of Space (DOS).

IN-SPACe is responsible for the promotion, enabling, authorization, and supervision of various space activities of the Non-Governmental Entities (NGEs) that include, among others, the building of launch vehicles & satellites and providing space-based services; sharing of space infrastructure and premises under ISRO; and establishment of new space infrastructure and facilities. The functions of IN-SPACe are being carried out by three Directorates viz., Promotion Directorate (PD), Technical Directorate (TD) and Program Management & Authorization Directorate (PMAD) and Administration, Finance & Legal Wing.

ISRO Achieves Milestone: PSLV’s Fourth-Stage Engine Qualified with Indigenous Satellite Nozzle Divergent

ISRO has successfully qualified the fourth-stage engine of the PSLV with a Satellite Nozzle Divergent made from Stellite (KC20WN), a cobalt-based alloy.

The Indian space agency has successfully tested this new material for the fourth stage engine of its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Previously, the nozzle divergent of the engine was made from imported Columbium (C103) material, but ISRO has now developed an alternative material called Stellite (KC20WN), which is a cobalt-based alloy. This new material retains high strength at extreme temperatures (up to 1150°C), making it suitable for rocket engines.

This marks a significant step toward Atmanirbhar Bharat, as it replaces the previously imported Columbium (C103) material, achieving 90% cost savings.

A Satellite Nozzle Divergent is a specialized component used in rocket engines, particularly in the fourth stage of the PSLV (PS4). It helps direct and optimize the exhaust flow to enhance thrust efficiency. Traditionally, ISRO used Columbium (C103) material for this nozzle, but it has now transitioned to Stellite (KC20WN). 

Stellite, the alloy used, is advantageous because it retains high strength at extreme temperatures (up to 1150°C), making it ideal for space applications. This shift to indigenous materials aligns with Atmanirbhar Bharat, reducing reliance on imports and achieving 90% cost savings.

A nozzle divergent is the expanding section of a convergent-divergent (CD) nozzle, commonly used in rocket engines and supersonic jet propulsion. It plays a crucial role in accelerating exhaust gases to supersonic speeds, maximizing thrust efficiency.

How It Works:

1. Convergent Section – The nozzle first narrows, increasing the velocity of the gas while decreasing pressure. 
2. Throat – At the narrowest point, the gas reaches Mach (sonic speed).
3. Divergent Section – The nozzle then expands, allowing the gas to accelerate beyond Mach 1, achieving supersonic flow.

 

Nozzle divergent during the test

The final qualification test was conducted on April 8, 2025, at the ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri, with a hot test lasting 665 seconds.

As part of the qualification programme, 3 hot tests were already completed on two hardware in the first phase.

This breakthrough means ISRO can reduce costs while maintaining high-performance standards for future PSLV missions.

India Joins Global Space Research: ISRO to Study Long-Term Space Missions on Ax-4

ISRO is conducting research on Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) in collaboration with NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) to support long-duration space missions.

With duration up to 14 days docked at the International Space Station (ISS), the Ax-4 astronauts crew will led by Commander Peggy Whitson (USA), with Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla (India), Mission Specialist Slawosz Uznański-Wisniewski (Poland), and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu (Hungary).

The studies aim to enhance India's capabilities in space exploration and contribute to global scientific progress.

India's Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will pilot the Ax-4 mission, which includes around 60 scientific studies, with 7 led by Indian space agency ISRO. Shukla will serve as the mission pilot, making him the second Indian citizen to travel to space after Rakesh Sharma.

Shukla and his backup astronaut, Group Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair, have undergone rigorous training with NASA and Axiom Space.

The Ax-4 crew 

 

Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla

India is working alongside NASA, ESA, and Axiom Space, strengthening its presence in international space exploration. This mission is a stepping stone for India's future human spaceflight programs, including Gaganyaan.

In an announcement, Axiom Space said, "ISRO has a strong portfolio of life science experiments. In collaboration with NASA and Redwire, the "Space Microalgae" project investigates the impact of microgravity on the growth, metabolism, and genetic activity of three strains of edible microalgae. These tiny organisms could become a sustainable food source for long-duration space missions, thanks to their rich protein, lipid, and bioactive components." 

Some key research areas include:

• Human Research: Studying how astronauts interact with electronic displays in microgravity to improve spacecraft computer design.
• Life Sciences: Investigating microalgae and cyanobacteria growth in space, which could lead to sustainable food sources and environmental control systems.
• Muscle Regeneration: Exploring metabolic supplements to prevent muscle atrophy in astronauts.
• Crop Growth: Examining the germination and growth of crop seeds in microgravity to support future space farming.
• ISRO is also exploring the potential of growing crops in space. The "Sprouting Salad Seeds in Space" experiment, in collaboration with NASA and BioServe Space Technologies, investigates the germination and growth of crop seeds in microgravity. 
• Tardigrade: In partnership with NASA and Voyager, ISRO is studying the resilience of tardigrades, tiny creatures known for their ability to survive extreme conditions. This experiment will examine the revival, survival, and reproduction of tardigrades on the International Space Station, comparing gene expression patterns between space-flown and ground control populations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of their resilience could inform future space exploration and lead to innovative biotechnology applications on Earth.

The mission is expected to launch no earlier than May 2025 and will be docked at the International Space Station (ISS) for up to 14 days.

Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4)

Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) is a private astronaut mission to the International Space Station (ISS), organized by Axiom Space in collaboration with NASA, ISRO, and the European Space Agency (ESA). The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than May 2025 and will be docked at the ISS for up to 14 days.

Key Details:

• Crew: Led by Commander Peggy Whitson (USA), with Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla (India), Mission Specialist Slawosz Uznański-Wisniewski (Poland), and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu (Hungary).
• Research Focus: Ax-4 will conduct around 60 scientific studies, including seven led by ISRO, covering human research, life sciences, muscle regeneration, and crop growth in microgravity.
• Significance: This mission marks India’s second human spaceflight and strengthens its presence in global space exploration.

Ax-4 is shaping up to be one of the most research-intensive missions yet!

Indian Scientists Use Bacteria to Repair Space Bricks—Set for Gaganyaan Mission

Transporting construction materials from Earth to space is one of the biggest challenges in space exploration due to high costs, logistical constraints, and extreme environmental conditions. According to NASA, launching materials into space can cost in range from $10,000 to $15,000 per kg.

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have engineered a bacteria-based technique to repair bricks used in space habitats. The bacterium, Sporosarcina pasteurii, produces calcium carbonate, which helps fill cracks in bricks exposed to the Moon’s extreme conditions.

These bricks, made from lunar soil simulants, can suffer damage due to temperature swings from 121°C to -133°C, solar radiation, and meteorite impacts. To counter this, IISc scientists introduced artificial defects in sintered bricks and injected a slurry containing the bacteria, guar gum, and lunar soil simulant. Over time, the bacteria solidified the slurry and reinforced the bricks, making them more resilient.

 

Bricks with artificially created flaws, alongside bricks repaired using the bacteria-filled slurry (Photo: IISc/ Amogh Jadhav)

Now, a sample of this bacteria is set to be sent into space aboard India’s Gaganyaan mission to study its behavior in microgravity.

What problem does this solves?

This bacteria-based method solves multiple challenges in space habitat construction, making structures stronger, self-healing, and more sustainable. Here's what it tackles:

Problems Solved by Bacteria-Modified Bricks

1. Cracking & Structural Weakness
• Space bricks suffer from cracks due to extreme temperature shifts, radiation, and micrometeorite impacts.
• Traditional bricks require frequent repairs, which is difficult in space.
• The bacteria self-heal cracks, restoring up to 54% of strength.
2. Costly Transport of Materials from Earth
• Carrying construction materials from Earth is prohibitively expensive.
• These bricks form on-site using lunar soil simulants, reducing payload costs.
3. Fragility of Traditional Sintered Bricks
• Sintering bricks makes them brittle and prone to damage.
• Bacteria-modified bricks reinforce weak spots, making them stronger and durable.
4. Challenges of Long-Term Space Habitats
• Current materials need replacements over time, increasing dependency on Earth.
• This method could lead to self-sustaining lunar and Martian habitats, reducing maintenance.

Big Picture Impact

• Enables self-repairing structures, reducing astronaut workload.
• Improves the feasibility of permanent settlements on the Moon & Mars.
• India's Gaganyaan mission will test how bacteria behave in microgravity, potentially paving the way for off-world construction.

How ISRO Plans to Land Mangalyaan-2 on Mars

ISRO's Mars Lander Mission (MLM) (unofficially called Mangalyaan-2) mission is set to be India's first attempt at landing on Mars, marking a significant leap in interplanetary exploration. Unlike its predecessor, which was an orbiter, this mission will include a lander and a helicopter for surface exploration.

Key Landing Strategy:

1. Launch & Cruise Stage: The spacecraft will be launched aboard the LVM3 rocket and initially placed in an Earth orbit of 190 x 35,786 km. From there, a Cruise Stage will propel it toward Mars.
2. Direct Entry Approach: Upon reaching Mars, the Descent Stage will detach and make a direct atmospheric entry, skipping the need for orbiting before landing.
3. Aerobraking & Parachutes: To slow down, ISRO will use aerobraking, leveraging the Martian atmosphere to reduce velocity. A heat-protective aeroshell and supersonic parachutes will help manage the intense atmospheric friction.
4. Final Descent & Touchdown: At 1.3 km above the surface, the lander will activate its powered descent system, using onboard engines to ensure a soft and precise landing.

If successful, Mangalyaan-2 will place India among the elite nations that have landed on Mars, providing invaluable data for future missions. While ISRO has yet to confirm a launch date, the mission's complexity highlights India's growing capabilities in space exploration.

An illustration of NASA's Perseverance rover landing safely on Mars. Hundreds of critical events must execute perfectly and exactly on time for the rover to land safely on Feb. 18, 2021. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Mangalyaan-2 is a major upgrade from India's first Mars mission, Mangalyaan-1. Unlike Mangalyaan-1, which was an orbiter, Mangalyaan-2 will include a lander and a helicopter to explore the Martian surface. 

The new mission can carry 7 times more payload than its Mangalyaan-1, allowing for more sophisticated scientific instruments. Instead of orbiting Mars first, Mangalyaan-2 will make a direct atmospheric entry before landing. 

This mission marks India's first attempt at landing on another planet, putting ISRO in an elite group of space agencies.

Exciting, right? What aspect of the mission interests you the most?

Amazon's Satellite Internet Network Set for First Launch

Amazon will launch 27 Kuiper satellites into low Earth orbit

Amazon is gearing up to launch 27 Kuiper satellites into low Earth orbit as part of its ambitious Project Kuiper, which aims to provide high-speed, low-latency internet worldwide.

Project Kuiper will deliver high-speed, low-latency internet to virtually any location on the planet, and Amazon expects to begin delivering service to customers later this year.

The launch, scheduled for April 9, will take place aboard a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida.

This marks a major step in Amazon's plan to deploy over 3,200 satellites, competing directly with SpaceX's Starlink, which already has more than 7,000 satellites in orbit. Amazon has secured 80 launch missions with partners like Arianespace, Blue Origin, and even SpaceX to build out its constellation.

To connect to Kuiper’s network, users will need specialized terminal antennas, with Amazon’s smallest dish offering speeds up to 100 Mbps, while larger models will provide speeds up to 1 Gbps.

Rajeev Badyal, vice president of Project Kuiper, said, "We’ve designed some of the most advanced communications satellites ever built, and every launch is an opportunity to add more capacity and coverage to our network."

“We’ve done extensive testing on the ground to prepare for this first mission, but there are some things you can only learn in flight, and this will be the first time we’ve flown our final satellite design and the first time we’ve deployed so many satellites at once. No matter how the mission unfolds, this is just the start of our journey, and we have all the pieces in place to learn and adapt as we prepare to launch again and again over the coming years.”, said Badyal.

Over the next few years, Kuiper and ULA teams will conduct seven more Atlas V launches and 38 launches on ULA’s larger Vulcan Centaur rocket. An additional 30-plus launches are planned across our other launch providers: Arianespace, Blue Origin, and SpaceX.

Assam to Have India’s 1st Space Junk Monitoring Radar Under ISRO’s Project Netra

Assam is set to host India’s first space debris monitoring radar under ISRO’s Project Netra. The radar will be established in Chandrapur, near Guwahati, and will be capable of detecting objects as small as 10 cm within a range of 2,000 km. This initiative is part of ISRO’s broader effort to enhance space situational awareness and safeguard India’s growing satellite assets.

The project is expected to be completed within a year and represents an investment of approximately ₹1,000 crore. The state government has allotted 200 bighas of land for the facility and assured. Once operational, it will significantly reduce India’s dependence on foreign sources for tracking space.

This news comes within a month after Assam's state government has announced that it is gearing up to launch its own satellite system, ASSAMSAT, with technical assistance from ISRO.

India has been making significant strides in space debris monitoring and mitigation, but it still lags behind some of the more established spacefaring nations in terms of infrastructure and investment.

It was in April 2022, when ISRO announced that it aims to attain self-reliance in safeguarding the valuable space assets, ISRO will establish Space Surveillance and Tracking network with RADARS and Optical Telescopes under the project Network for Space Objects Tracking and Analysis (NETRA).

Project Netra is India’s initiative for space situational awareness (SSA), which includes radar and optical telescopes to track debris.

India aims to eliminate debris from all its space missions by 2030, setting a global precedent.

India has Space Situational Awareness Control Centre, which was established in 2020 to serve as India’s hub for monitoring space traffic.

ISRO Achieves Breakthrough in Now-Casting Lightning Events Over India Using Data From Geo Satellites

ISRO has made a major breakthrough in now-casting lightning events over India using data from geostationary satellites. This advancement, led by ISRO’s National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), enhances predictive accuracy with a 2.5-hour lead time.

Now-casting is the process of predicting imminent weather events with a short lead time, usually within the next 0 to 6 hours. It’s different from traditional weather forecasting, which predicts conditions over days or weeks.

The method relies on detecting lightning signatures in Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data from the INSAT-3D satellite. A reduction in OLR strength serves as an indicator of potential lightning occurrences. To refine predictions, ISRO incorporated additional meteorological parameters like Land Surface Temperature (LST) and wind, creating a composite variable that improves forecasting accuracy.

 

The dome-shaped enclosure, or radome, for antennae at an NRSC facility

This breakthrough is crucial for disaster management and public safety, as lightning is a dominant natural hazard in tropical regions.

How It Works

• Satellite Observations: ISRO researchers detected lightning signatures in Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data from the INSAT-3D satellite. A reduction in OLR strength serves as an indicator of potential lightning occurrences.
• Additional Meteorological Parameters: To refine predictions, ISRO incorporated Land Surface Temperature (LST) and wind data, creating a composite variable that improves forecasting accuracy.
• Real-Time Monitoring: The developed composite variable effectively captures variations in lightning activity observed by ground-based measurements, allowing for improved prediction of lightning occurrence and intensity.

Why This Matters:

Lightning is a dominant natural hazard in tropical regions, causing significant damage and loss of life. This breakthrough enables early warnings, helping authorities take preventive measures to reduce risks.

ISRO Achieves Major Breakthrough in Semicryogenic Engine Development

ISRO has made a significant leap in its Semicryogenic engine development, successfully conducting the first hot test of the Engine Power Head Test Article (PHTA) on March 28, 2025, at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.

This 2,000 kN thrust engine, powered by Liquid Oxygen and Kerosene, is set to replace the L110 core liquid stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), enhancing its payload capacity from 4 tonnes to 5 tonnes in Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).

The SE2000 engine operates on an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle, with a high chamber pressu7re of 180 bar and a specific impulse of 335 seconds. This breakthrough positions India among the few nations mastering high-thrust semicryogenic propulsion technology.

The realization of a test facility to qualify the engine and stage is equally complex and challenging. The complex Semicryogenic Integrated Engine Test facility (SIET) was established at ISRO Propulsion Research Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri for testing the engine and stage and was dedicated to the nation by the Honourable Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, on February 27, 2024. This facility caters to storage and servicing of large volume of propellants and service fluids at high pressures.

PHTA Hot Test

PHTA Hot Test

The capability of the test stand is validated through several flow and ignition trials. The test stand which involves many sophisticated control components are managed from a Test Control Centre that is also developed indigenously. This facility with a state-of-art PLC-based control system and data acquisition system is capable of testing semi-cryogenic engines up to 2600 kN thrust.

Its a major milestone in India's technological advancements, this milestone aligns perfectly with ISRO's push for indigenous space capabilities.

With this breakthrough, ISRO is further planning a series of tests on the PHTA to further validate and finetune the performance before the realization of the fully integrated engine.

How will this engine improve future ISRO missions?

Power Head Test Article (PHTA)

The SE2000 semicryogenic engine will significantly enhance ISRO's future missions by improving payload capacity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Here’s how:

• Increased Payload Capacity: By replacing the L110 core liquid stage of the LVM3 rocket, the SE2000 engine will boost payload capacity from 4 tonnes to 5 tonnes in Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
• Higher Efficiency: The oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle allows for higher thrust (2,000 kN) and specific impulse (335 seconds), making launches more efficient.
• Cost Reduction: Using Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Kerosene as propellants is cheaper and more environmentally friendly compared to traditional cryogenic fuels.

SE2000 Engine

The engine will power next-generation launch vehicles, enabling larger satellites and interplanetary missions.

This breakthrough aligns with ISRO’s push for indigenous space capabilities, strengthening India’s position in global space exploration

ISRO Achieves Major Milestone With Indigenous Microprocessors for Space Missions

India has achieved a significant milestone in space-grade electronics with the development of two fully indigenous 32-bit microprocessors, VIKRAM3201 and KALPANA3201, designed specifically for ISRO's launch vehicle applications.

On March 5, 2025, the first production lots of the 32-bit microprocessors developed for space applications, VIKRAM3201 & KALPANA3201, were handed over to Dr. V. Narayanan, Secretary, DOS /Chairman, ISRO by Shri S. Krishnan, Secretary, MeitY, in a function organised at New Delhi by the Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL), Chandigarh.

• VIKRAM3201: This is the first fully indigenous, space-qualified 32-bit microprocessor fabricated in India. It supports custom instruction sets, floating-point computation, and high-level language support for Ada. It has already proven its space-worthiness in the PSLV-C60 mission.
• KALPANA3201: Based on the SPARC V8 RISC architecture, this microprocessor is versatile and compatible with open-source software tool sets.

These chips were developed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre and manufactured at the Semiconductor Laboratory in Chandigarh. They represent a generational leap from the earlier 16-bit processors and mark a step forward in India's self-reliance in critical space technologies.

Notably, VIKRAM1601 was ISRO's first indigenous 16-bit microprocessor, operational in launch vehicle avionics since 2009. A fully "Make-in-India" version was introduced in 2016 after domestic fabrication capabilities matured.

Four other devices that were jointly developed with SCL were also handed over towards significant miniaturisation of the launch vehicle Avionics system. This includes two versions of a Reconfigurable Data Acquisition System (RDAS) integrating multiple indigenously designed 24-bit Sigma-Delta Analog to Digital Converters on a single chip along with a Relay driver Integrated Circuit & a Multi-Channel Low Drop-out Regulator Integrated Circuit for high reliability applications.

Kerala Startup HEX20's 'Nila' Satellite Takes Flight, Powered by SpaceX

The launch of the 'Nila' satellite is a groundbreaking achievement for HEX20, a Kerala-based space startup. Named after Kerala's longest river, 'Nila' was launched aboard SpaceX's Transporter-13 mission on March 15, 2025. This satellite is designed to control critical components like solar arrays and antennas in space missions.

HEX20, founded in 2020 and operating from Technopark since 2023, collaborated with the German firm Decubed for this mission. The satellite's payload included Release Actuators, showcasing HEX20's commitment to fostering global partnerships. The mission was supported by the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) and received assistance from ISRO for testing and tracking facilities.

This marks a significant step forward for India's private space sector, and HEX20 is already planning future missions, including a 50kg satellite launch with ISRO next year.

The 'Nila' satellite employs advanced technology to control critical components in space missions, such as solar arrays and antennas. It features Release Actuators, developed by the German firm Decubed, which were integrated into the satellite by HEX20. This innovative payload demonstrates HEX20's commitment to fostering global partnerships and advancing space technology.

The satellite's operations are managed from HEX20's ground station at Marian Engineering College in Thiruvananthapuram, where students and faculty are being trained to handle satellite tracking and mission management. This marks a significant step forward in India's private space sector.